Colonoscopy

About the Procedure

A colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure for examining the colon and rectum for abnormalities such as irritation, polyps, cysts or tumors. This is achieved using an instrument known as an endoscope, a long, flexible, articulating tube with a fiber optic camera at the end. The camera sends a video feed back to a monitor so the doctor performing the colonoscopy can look for signs of illness. This test is the primary way of screening for colorectal cancer.

The procedure begins with a mix of anesthetics delivered intravenously to the patient. They then lay on their side as the doctor inserts the endoscope into their rectum. The endoscope is fed further up the colon until the distal end is reached and then it is slowly removed to get a second look at the colon on the way out. If polyps or cysts are found during the examination they can be removed entirely, or be biopsied for later testing. The process typically takes between 30-60 minutes and is performed on an out-patient basis.

What to Know Before the Procedure

The preparation leading up to a colonoscopy is vital to the procedure's success. In order for the doctor to have a clear path through the colon, it must be free of any solid matter. In order to achieve this, the doctor will lay out a modified diet which will be supplemented with a laxative. This diet is different depending upon the needs of the patient but it generally involves a great reduction in solid foods as well as heavy amounts of clear liquids. Sometimes, one or more full enemas are also necessary to ensure that the entire colon is completely unobstructed.

As with any procedure it is important to discuss pre-existing conditions with your doctor prior to the procedure. You may require antibiotics before the procedure. In addition, if you are taking any prescription medications, you may need to adjust your dosages for several days before the procedure. Be sure to discuss any proposed changes with the doctor who prescribed the medications to you to make sure the changes will not have adverse effects on your health.

What to Know After the Procedure

After the procedure the patient will be taken to a recovery room to rest and to be observed. It is common to experience both cramping and flatulence during this time frame. The patient should be driven home by someone else as they will still be disoriented from the anesthesia.

Be advised that in some cases, certain patients may need to avoid certain substances or medications for several days after having a colonoscopy. Consult your doctor about any medications you are taking after the procedure.

It is generally safe to return to a normal diet immediately following a colonoscopy. Some abdominal or rectal discomfort and irritation may persist for a short time afterwards. However, rectal bleeding or prolonged bouts of intense stomach pain are not normal and may be indications of serious side effects. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any such symptoms.

If you Need to Travel Outside of your Local Hospital

This procedure is covered under most medical insurances. Due to the nature of a colonoscopy, many people prefer to have it performed by a doctor who they know and are comfortable with; and who has extensive experience in performing the procedure. For others, the cost benefits of traveling for this procedure may outweigh any feelings of personal discomfort. The procedure does not have a long recovery time and there is a very small risk of complications, making it an optimal one to travel for should the cost savings be substantial.